Expectations vs. Reality in Value Strategies
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Value stocks have come roaring back, but the resulting performance lift has varied substantially across value managers.
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A continuous and accurate focus on value can put investors in the best position to capture value premiums when they appear.
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The relative performance of Dimensional strategies during the recent bounce-back for value reflects a continued ability to deliver value when value delivers.
Value is an asset class, not an investment strategy. Identifying low relative price stocks is only one step toward designing and managing a value strategy; differences in managers’ implementation skill can lead to a wide range of outcomes experienced by value investors. Investors can evaluate these outcomes by assessing whether managers delivered what they said they would deliver. In the case of systematic value strategies, strong performance during periods when value stocks outperform signals an ability to capture value premiums when they appear.
A Difference of Opinion
If 80% of success is just showing up, it follows that exposure to value stocks is a helpful start to capturing the value premium. However, even within a value category, exposure to low relative price stocks varies substantially across funds. For example, the 100+ funds in the global large cap value Morningstar category over the 10-year period ending December 31, 2022 had average price-to-book ratios ranging from 0.7 to nearly 4.3. That variation means not all funds in the category shared the same experience when the value premium appeared. In months when the MSCI World Value Index outperformed the MSCI World Growth Index, the average monthly net return for these funds ranged from -0.59% to 2.08%. A cursory inspection of the returns plotted against price-to-book ratios in Exhibit 1 reveals a negative relation for these months; all else equal, the greater the value exposure, the better the performance.
Categorical Imperative
Performance vs. price-to-book for global large cap value funds in months when value outperforms growth, January 1, 2013 – December 31, 2022
Performance data shown represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance shown. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance includes reinvestment of dividends and other earnings. Performance may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations.
Testing Grounds
Dimensional’s value strategies seek to maintain a consistent focus on value stocks, day in and day out. We do this because we expect a positive value premium every day. While realised premiums can be negative, there is no evidence investors can reliably predict such occurrences.1 On the other hand, there is ample evidence the value premium can show up in bunches.2 A process that stays the course in its pursuit of value can therefore boost the odds of harvesting the premium when value stocks outperform.
A consistent focus on value stocks means that when the value premium materialises, Dimensional’s value strategies are in position to deliver the premium. Exhibit 2 shows the benefits of consistent focus on the value premium. The results show pervasive outperformance across market segments and geographical regions. When evaluated this way, Dimensional’s value strategies delivered on their goal of capturing value premiums when they appeared.
Delivering the Goods
Average monthly performance relative to style-neutral standard index, January 1, 2013 – December 31, 2022*
* The analysis for Global Large Value, which was incepted on August 1, 2016, covers the period from August 1, 2016 – December 31, 2022.
Performance data shown represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Performance may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations.
Buyer Being Aware
Delivering on expectations helps investors pursue their goals by keeping the asset allocation decisions in their hands, not the manager’s. After all, uncertainty over what you’re going to get should be reserved for boxes of chocolates, not investment strategies.
Footnotes
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1Wei Dai, “” (white paper, Dimensional Fund Advisors, March 2016).
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2“An Exceptional Value Premium,” Insights (blog), Dimensional Fund Advisors, October 2020.
Delivering the Goods
5-Year Annualised Performance
Performance data shown represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Performance may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations.
The analysis for Global Large Value, which was incepted on August 1, 2016, covers the period from August 1, 2016 – December 31, 2022.
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